ÿþ<html><head><link href="../../Styles/global.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="../../Images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon"><meta name="Keywords" content="Picture postcards from the British India depicting India's Hill stations.Priya Paul, hill station, Nainital, British, Himalayas" /><title>Picturing Mountains As Hills</title></head><body style="background-color:#666633" topMargin=0 ><div align="Center"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" width="100%" style="background-color:#ffffcc"><tr><td style="background-color:#666633;font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;" align="center"> <a href="http://www.tasveergharindia.net" style="text-decoration:none;color:#ffffff;">Tasveer Ghar: A Digital Archive of South Asian Popular Visual Culture</a></td></tr><tr><td align="center" ><p><span style="font-size: 24px;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 51);"><strong><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Picturing Mountains As Hills</span></strong></span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="center" > <p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Hill Station Postcards and the Tales They Tell</span></strong></span></p></td></tr><tr><td> <table width="850" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Domesticating the Landscape</span></strong></span> <table width="231" height="300" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="right"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=14><img width="229" height="149" border="0" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/shashwati/014.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=14> Fig.14</a></td></tr></table></p> <p><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=15><img width="229" height="153" border="0" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/shashwati/015.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=15> Fig.15</a></td></tr></table></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> Postcards images didn't just encode colonial discourse, they were also a record of what was wrought on the landscape in an effort to domesticate it. Here, I refer to the &quot;raw material&quot; of the images such as the trees, the mountains, and the streams, which by no means constitute a given, and, in fact, were not even &ldquo;native.&rdquo;&nbsp; The lush landscape of&nbsp; Mussoorie in the card reproduced here as <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&amp;EId=102&amp;ImageId=14">Figure 14</a> is not a primal forest but a replanted one, and often replete with non-native vegetation.<sup><span style="font-size: 10px;">16</span></sup> Another example of a landscape transformed is a postcard with a grand view of a barren looking mountain in Chakrota (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&amp;EId=102&amp;ImageId=15">Figure 15</a>). It bears no trace of the fact that the mountainside wasn't always barren. When the British arrived around 1827 in Dehra Dun, much of the natural vegetation was cut down for timber, and the local population, commandeered into providing free labor, ultimately fled their homes (like peasants under duress elsewhere). The land lay untended and the environment was devastated. Conservation efforts were started only in the 1860s, when it finally became impossible to ignore the environmental degradation, not to mention the diminishing revenue from timber.<sup><span style="font-size: 10px;">17</span></sup>The postcards we see of Mussoorie and Chakrota in the Priya Paul collection are all images of this reshaped landscape.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> It wasn't just the wilderness that was constructed or re-constructed and thereby tamed. The domestication of the landscape was also accomplished through architecture and town planning, both of which often aimed to create a piece of England in the heart of the Indian landscape. The image of the church in Chakrota in the postcard reproduced here as <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&amp;EId=102&amp;ImageId=16">Figure 16</a> bears more than a passing resemblance to a postcard of the 11th century Cocking church in West Sussex (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&amp;EId=102&amp;ImageId=17">Figure 17</a>). </span></span></p> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="center" style="width: 573px; height: 154px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=16><img width="229" height="148" border="0" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/shashwati/016.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=16> Fig.16</a></td></tr></table></td> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=17><img width="229" height="142" border="0" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/shashwati/017.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=17> Fig.17</a></td></tr></table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> Hill stations were viewed as a blank slate for re-producing an idealized vision of England, an imagined place that was the unchanging abode of the English rural aristocracy.&nbsp; You can see this process at work in the Chakrota postcard in which an English cottage garden has been super-imposed on a native landscape. The ideology of the English cottage garden was deeply tied to the enclosure laws introduced in England at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century.<sup><span style="font-size: 10px;">18</span></sup> Enclosure laws were essentially a legal mechanism to divest the peasantry of the use of land, which until then had been held in common trust. Public land was privatized and the peasantry was forced into wage labor in the countryside and increasingly in the factories of the industrial revolution. This caused displacement of the rural population on a massive scale and resulted in a great deal of unrest. Gardening was considered an activity that would corral the propensity of working-class men towards agitation and collective action. Not only was it supposed to make working class men moral and respectable, but it was also intended to discourage them from tilling larger tracts of land and claim squatter rights. These ideas were exported to the colonies, where it was thought that the English garden would not only preserve an English identity, but it would also have a civilizing influence on the natives, and serve as example of order.</span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><sup><span style="font-size: 10px;">19</span></sup> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">It is no coincidence that Gertrude Jekyll, the primary designer of the English cottage garden, worked with the architect of Imperial Delhi, Edwin Lutyens. They had collaborated on at least 70 gardens in England, and in addition to serving as his mentor, she had an important influence on his aesthetic, especially in the area of landscaping.</span><sup><span style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">20</span></span></sup></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> The Jekyll cottage garden became a standard feature of British dwellings in colonial India, especially in the hills. In fact, botanical gardens were set up for the purpose of introducing typically English plant species into the hill stations. </span></span></p> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center" style="width: 767px; height: 150px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=18><img width="229" height="146" border="0" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/shashwati/018.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=18> Fig.18</a></td></tr></table></td> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=19><img width="229" height="145" border="0" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/shashwati/019.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=19> Fig.19</a></td></tr></table></td> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=20><img width="229" height="147" border="0" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/shashwati/020.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=20> Fig.20</a></td></tr></table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> English-style gardens were not the only visual reminders of &quot;home;&quot; architecture, too, played an important role. The building style most favored in the hill stations has been termed &quot;Himalayan Swiss Gothic.&quot; The Priya Paul Collection carries several examples of this style. <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&amp;EId=102&amp;ImageId=18">Figure 18</a> shows the Ramsay Hospital in Nainital; <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&amp;EId=102&amp;ImageId=19">Figure 19</a> the Town Hall in Simla; and <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&amp;EId=102&amp;ImageId=20">Figure 20</a> the market in Kasauli Hill. Some of the buildings are more Swiss cottage, like ones in the market in Kasauli hill with its horizontal emphasis and porches; others are more Gothic, like the Town Hall in Simla with its pointed arches. </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">These buildings combine the neo-Gothic style that was</span></span> <span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">popular in Britain at that time with the rural ideal of a Swiss cottage.<br /> </span></span></p> <span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The modest scale of these buildings is in striking contrast to the grander varieties of colonial architecture prevalent in the plains, seen in postcards like &ldquo;The Town Hall in Multan&rdquo; (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&amp;EId=102&amp;ImageId=21">Figure 21</a>) which depicts an imposing example of the Indo-Saracenic, feudal architectural style, with a group of natives looking up at the edifice, presumably with appreciation, if not awe. Another example of this Indo-Saracenic style is reproduced as <a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&amp;EId=102&amp;ImageId=22">Figure 22</a>, a view of the Telegraph office in Calcutta, towering over the trees and cars on the road, a well-defined and valorized vision of colonial modernity. &ldquo;The Multan Railway Station&rdquo; offers a closer view of another colonial institution and that ultimate symbol of colonial progress: the railways </span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">(<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&amp;EId=102&amp;ImageId=23">Figure 23</a>)</span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">. Presumably, some of the architectural requirements of colonial grandeur and authority could be relaxed in the hill stations in favor of creating a landscape that was more like &quot;home.&quot;</span></span></span> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="center" style="width: 724px; height: 165px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=21><img width="229" height="159" border="0" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/shashwati/021.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=21> Fig.21</a></td></tr></table></td> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=22><img width="229" height="147" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/shashwati/022.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=22> Fig.22</a></td></tr></table></td> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=23><img width="229" height="146" alt="" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/shashwati/023.jpg" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=23> Fig.23</a></td></tr></table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table width="232" height="300" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="right"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=24><img width="229" height="156" border="0" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/shashwati/024.jpg" alt="" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=24> Fig.24</a></td></tr></table></p> <p><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=25><img width="229" height="143" border="0" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/shashwati/025.jpg" alt="" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=25> Fig.25</a></td></tr></table></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> When the colonial state set about recreating a &quot;home&quot; in the hills, it did so in the image of the idealized rural English aristocracy. This brought with it a fairly rigid hierarchy. In the hill stations, social rank was closely matched with elevation. Hence Simla, the seat of the Viceroy, was at a higher elevation than the cantonment stations of Dagshai or Kasauli. We see this&nbsp; quite explictly when we compare a postcard from Simla (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&amp;EId=102&amp;ImageId=24">Figure 24</a>) where we look up at &quot;Barnes Court: the Residence of H.H. the Lieut. Governor, Simla,&quot; with a view of one of the satellite stations, Dalhousie (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&amp;EId=102&amp;ImageId=25">Figure 25</a>) as seen from a higher elevation. Similarly, the European sections within a hill station were at a higher elevation than the native sections, and the European and native quarters were clearly segregated from each other.&nbsp; The reason given for such distinctions in elevation and segregation was medical. Diseases were seen to accompany migrant Indian workers, hence the need to segregate them. And since the natives were deemed to have a natural tendency to huddle together, the native sections were left unsanitary and overcrowded, thereby jeopardizing the healthful purpose for the hill stations.&nbsp;&nbsp; Unsanitary conditions led to public health hazards, since disease does not&nbsp; respect racial lines and there were many epidemics in the hill stations. It can be concluded that the medical reasons for segregation were in actuality much less important than ideological ones. In the hill station postcards this becomes evident when one looks for the presence of the Native.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> In the postcards, the presence of the non-Europeans is limited to the images like that of the bazaar in Ranikhet (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&amp;EId=102&amp;ImageId=26">Figure 26</a>), where their physical presence is rendered by implication; presumably, they are huddling together under the dense patchwork of roofs of the bazaar.</span></span></p> <table width="500" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=26><img width="229" height="144" border="0" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/shashwati/026.jpg" alt="" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=26> Fig.26</a></td></tr></table></td> <td><table valign="middle"><tr><td> <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=27><img width="229" height="147" border="0" src="/cmsdesk/userfiles/image/shashwati/027.jpg" alt="" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-bottom-style: none"/></a></td></tr><tr><td align="Center" > <a class="navigation-a" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=27> Fig.27</a></td></tr></table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> The other image of interest in this context is the postcard depicting a fair in Solan (<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&amp;EId=102&amp;ImageId=27">Figure 27</a>). Here the native people constitute part of a picturesque scene, but more importantly, their picturesque value also lies in the fact that they are transients who are just passing through, and will vanish when the fair is over. In order to maintain the illusion of the hill station as &ldquo;home away from home&rdquo; for the European, native presence had to be erased from these images, even though the very existence of the European home in this setting depended on the labor of a large retinue of native servants. </span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">It is estimated that the support of at least ten Indians was needed for a single European resident<span><span>.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> It was not only native servants who were a sizable part of the population in the hill stations; there were also the clerks and other functionaries who were part of the Government as it sojourned in the hills. Around the turn of the century, there were increasing number of elite Indians who took up residence in the hills during the &quot;season.&quot; These other denizens of the hills are completely missing from these postcards.</span><sup><span style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">21</span></span></sup></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> The English country home could indeed be created in the hills, but to do so so required the erasure of the majority population.</span></span></p> <hr /> <p><sup><span style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">16 </span></span></sup><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Private e-mail communication with Samia Akbar.<br /> <sup><span style="font-size: 10px;">17 </span></sup>Walton, H. G. <em>The Gazetteer of Dehradun</em>. First published 1911. Reprinted&nbsp; Dehradun: Natraj Publishers; 2007:268.<br /> <sup><span style="font-size: 10px;">18 </span></sup>Sayer K. &ldquo;The Labourer's welcome: Border crossings in the English country garden.&rdquo; In Dowler L, Carubia J, Szczygiel B. <em>Gender and Landscape</em>. London and New York: Routledge; 2005:34-54.<br /> <sup><span style="font-size: 10px;">19 </span></sup>Attitudes and ideas about the working class in the metropole often resurfaced in the colonies as explicitly racialized ones. See Stoler A.L. &ldquo;Making Empire Respectable: The Politics of Race and Sexual Morality in 20th-Century Colonial Cultures.&rdquo; <em>American Ethnologist</em>. 1989;16(4):634 - 660.<br /> <sup><span style="font-size: 10px;">20 </span></sup>For a short overview of the Lutyens and Jekyll relationship, see the webpage of the Jekyll estate. &lt;http://www.gertrudejekyll.co.uk/index.php?option=content&amp;task=view&amp;id=43&amp;Itemid=131&gt;<br /> <sup><span style="font-size: 10px;">21 </span></sup>While Indians are missing from the postcards discussed, and nothing in the Priya Paul collection indicates they were using hill station postcards, it does not mean they do not participating in postcard culture.&nbsp; Indians engage with postcard culture in their own terms, and for a discussion of one aspect of it, see Yousuf Saeed's work about Id greeting cards.</span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td></tr></table><table style="width:850px"><tr><td></td><td align="right"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;color:#ffffff;">Select Page</span><select id="cmbPages" class="text-box" onchange="javascript:openPage();"> <option value="1">1</option><option value="2">2</option><option value="3">3</option><option value="4">4</option><option value="5">5</option><option value="6">6</option></select> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">function openPage(){ var i = document.getElementById('cmbPages').value; var path =window.location.pathname.substring(0,window.location.pathname.lastIndexOf('/')); if(i== 1) window.location.href = path + "/index.html"; else window.location.href = path + "/index_" + (i-1) +".html"; } var path =window.location.pathname.substring(window.location.pathname.lastIndexOf('/')+1); if (path.indexOf('_') == -1) document.getElementById('cmbPages').value=1; else {path = path.substring(path.lastIndexOf('_')+1); document.getElementById('cmbPages').value=parseInt(path)+1;} </script><a class="navigation-a" href="index_2.html" style="color:#ffffff;">Previous</a> <a class="navigation-a" href="index_4.html" style="color:#ffffff;">Next</a></td></tr></table><table style="width:100%;"><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><a class="gallery-a" style="color:#ffffff;" href=http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/viewgallery.aspx?id=84&EId=102&ImageId=1>Visit The Gallery</a> </td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><a href="http://www.tasveergharindia.net" class="footer-a" style="color:#ffffff;"> Tasveer Ghar Home </a>-<a href="http://www.tasveergharindia.net/frmessaylisting.aspx" class="footer-a" style="color:#ffffff;"> Gallery </a>-<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/pages/copyright.html" class="footer-a" style="color:#ffffff;"> Disclaimer on images </a>-<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/pages/Contact_Us.html" class="footer-a" style="color:#ffffff;"> Contact us </a>-<a href="http://tasveergharindia.net/Unsubscriber.aspx" class="footer-a" style="color:#ffffff;"> UnSubscriber </a></td></tr></table></div><script type="text/javascript">try {var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-8020078-1");pageTracker._trackPageview();} catch(err) {}</script> </body></html>